北京普為教育

㈠ 北京營養師年薪是多少

公共營養師各等級的工資待遇都不錯，其中一級公共營養師在每個城市的工資都有著不同的高低之分，也是根據該城市的消費水平來定的。公共營養師的收入屬於中上階層。2010年普為畢業學員的薪金調查，全職工作平均月收入在3000~5000元，兼職工作平均...

㈡ 中英文對照的北京名勝簡介，急需....不勝感激

北京白雲觀簡介

北京白雲觀始建於唐代開元二十九年（741），初名天長觀，奉祀老子。金代改稱為太極宮。元初，邱長春祖師應成吉思汗之請，主持該觀，更名長春觀。

邱祖羽化後，弟子於宮東建處順堂祀之。元末，長春宮毀於戰火，唯處順堂獨存。明初重修長春宮，即以處順堂為中心展開，竣工後，易名白雲觀。

白雲觀是道教全道派三大祖庭之一，素有「天下道教第一叢林」之稱。現為全國重點文物保護單位。中國道教協會、中國道教文化研究會、中國道教學院以及《中國道教》雜志社均設於此。

白雲觀共有殿堂十九座，分中、東、西三路對外開放。

The Explanation of Beijing White Cloud Daoist Temple
The Beijing White Cloud Daoist Temple was originally called 「Heavenly Long Temple」 and built in the twenty-nine year(741) under the regime of Kaiyuan, Emperor Shengzu in the Tang Dynasty. that dedicated Lao Zi. In the Jin Dynasty, it was renamed Tai Ji Temple. In the Yuan Dynasty, Qiu Changchun was summoned to preside this Temple by Genghis Khan, so it was renamed Chang Chun Temple.
After Qiu Changchun went to heaven as a immortal, his disciples had built a hall(named Chu Shun Hall) to dedicate him at the east of this temple. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the Temple was ruined by the battle and noting remained except the Chu Xun Hall. In the Ming Dynsty, the Temple was rebuilt around the Chu Xun Hall and renamed 「The White Cloud Temple」.
This Temple is the chief temple of The Three Ancestral Temple of the Quan Zhen Daoist tradition.
Now it have been listed as a historical site under the protection of the Chinese government and it houses the Chinese Daoist Association, the Institue of Chinese Daoist Culture, the Chinese Daoist college and the Editorial Department of The Journal of The Chinese Taoism.
There are 19 halls housed in The White Cloud Temple in east, west and middle area, all of them are opened to public.
牌樓

始建於明英宗正統八年（1443年），為四柱七層歇山式建築。牌樓正面上方有「洞天勝境」四字，背面有「瓊琳閬苑」四字。
Pai Lou(Ornamental archway)
It was built in the eighth Zhentong year under the regime of Emperor Yin Zong(1443), it formed by four pillars and seven roofs. There are four words 「Dong Tian Sheng Jing」 inscribed on its facade, and there are four words 「Qiong Lin Lang yuan」 inscribed on its back.
山門
建於明正統八年（1443年），匾額題字「敕建白雲觀」為明英宗所敕，鐵制，故有「鐵打白雲觀」之說。
Shan Ming (mountain gate)
It was built in the eighth Zhentong year under the regime of Emperor Yin Zong(1443), the iron board above the gate was inscribed with 「Chi Jian Bai Yun Guan」 by the Emperor. The meaning was the order to build the White Cloud Temple, so it be said the White Cloud Temple is built with iron.
窩風橋

始建於清聖祖康熙四十五年（1706年），1988年重建。橋洞兩側懸有金錢和銅鍾，遊人以銅錢擲打銅鍾，以求吉利，稱為「打金錢眼」。現為遊人香客求吉祥的民俗活動之一。
Wo Feng Bridge
Was initially built in the forty-fifth year(1706) under the regime of Kangxi, Emperor Shengzu in the Qing Dynasty, and was rebuilt in 1988. There are coins and bronze bells hanging aiong both sides of the bridge openings. Visitors may pray for good luck by throwing coins to hit the bronze bells, and the act is called 「hitting the gold coin」, which has become one of the folk activities through which tourists and prayers pray for good luck.
靈官殿

始建於明英宗正統八年（1443年），清康熙元年（1662年）重修，殿堂內奉祀道教之護法神王靈官。

像為明代木雕。赤面、三目、披甲執鞭。王靈官姓王名善，總司天上、人間糾察善惡之職。

Ling Guan Temple

Was initially built in the eighth Zhengtong Year(1443) under the regime of Emperor Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty, and rebuilt in the first Kangxi Year(1662) in the Qing Dynasty, Offers sacrifice to wang lingguan, the god protecting Taoism.

The statue is made of wood and was proced in the ming dynasty, which has red face and three eyes, wears a suit of armor and holds a whip in hand.

True name of wang lingguan is wang shan, who performs the ty of maintaining dindness and eliminating evils in the heaven and on the earth.

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玉皇殿

始建於明英宗正統三年（1438年），清康熙元年（1662年）重修，原名「玉歷長春殿」，康熙四十五年（1706年）改今名。奉祀「昊天金闕至尊玉皇大帝」。乾隆五十三年（1788年）改建，神龕及玉皇像系明代木雕。

Temple of Jade Emperor

Was initially built in the third zhengtong year under the regime of Emperor ying in the Ming Dynasty(1438) and rebuilt in the first year under the regime of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty(1662).Was originally named 「Yrli Changchun Temple」 and got the present name in the forty-fifth year under the regime of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty(1706),making offerings to 「Imperial Haotian Jinque Jade Emperor」. Was later rebuilt in the forty-third year under the regime of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty(1788).the shrine and the statue of jade Emperor are made of wood and were carved in the Ming Dynasty.

三官殿

原名「豐真殿」，現為「三官殿」。奉祀天、地、水「三官大帝」。天官賜福降祥，濟民救苦；地官赦除過咎，解釋冤愆；水官解脫疾厄及一切災難。

Temple of Three Emperors

Was originally named 「Feng Zhen Temple」 and is now called 「Temple of Three Emperors」. makes offerings to 「Three Emperors」, namely Emperor Heaven who brings good luck and relieves suffering people Emperor Earth who brings good luck and relieves suffering people Emperor Earth who pardons blames and releases grievances, and Emperor Water who eliminates all diseases, bad lucks and disasters.

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財神殿

原名「儒仙殿」，現為「財神殿」。奉祀三位財神。文財神比干，武財神趙公明及關羽。善信祈求，財源茂盛，仁義生財，有求必應。

Temple of the God of Wealth

Was originally named 「Temple of Confucian Immortals」 and is presently called 「Temple of the God of Wealth」. Makes offerings to three Gods of the Wealth, namely Bi Gan, the civil god of wealth, Zhao Gongming and Guan Yu, the military god of wealth. Kind and devotional prayers will have abundant financial resources, and people making fortune based on kindheartedness and justice will be granted with whatever they have prayed for.

老律堂

始建於元拖雷監國時（1228年），明英宗正統五年（1440年）奉祀長春真人塑像，明代宗景泰七年（1456年）重修。明武宗正德四年（1509年）塑七真像，稱「七真殿」。清康熙元年（1662年）重建，賜匾「七真翕光殿」，奉祀道教全真七位真人，中座邱處機；東座劉處玄、譚處端、馬鈺；西座王處一、郝大通、孫不二。七真像皆明代塑造。清代於此舉行傳授戒律儀式，故改稱「老律堂」。

Lao Lü Temple

Was initially built in the year of Tuolei』s Administration (Year 1228) in the Yuan Dynasty. Makes offerings to the statue of Immortal Chuangchunin in the fifth Zhengtong Year(1440) under the regime of Emperor Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty. Was rebuilt in the seventh Jingtai Year(1456) under the regime of Emperor Daizong in the Ming Dynasty. Had the statues of seven immortals proced in the forth Zhengde Year under the regime of Emperor Wu in the Ming Dynasty(1509) and began to be called 「Seven Immortals』 Temple」. Was rebuilt in the first Year under the regime of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty(1662) and got a tablet from the Emperor reading 「Qizhen Xiguang Temple」, made offerings to the seven Quanzhen Immortals in Taoism, namely Qiu Chuji in the middle, Liu Chuxuan, Tan Chuan and Ma Yu in the east, and Wang Chuyi and Hao Datong and Sun Bu'er in the west. Statues of the seven Immortals were made in the Ming Dynasty. As ceremonies teaching Taoist disciplines were held here in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed 「Lao Lü Temple」.

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葯王殿

原名「宗師殿」，現為「葯王殿」。中間奉祀孫思邈真人。宋徽宗崇寧二年（1103年）追封妙應真人。北側為神醫華佗，南側為醫聖張仲景。相傳他們都能起死回生，解救一切病危。

Temple of Medicine King

Was originally named 「Master』s Temple」 and is now called 「Temple of Medicine King」. Makes offerings to Immortal Sun Simiao in the middle, Emperor Huizong in the Song Dynasty conferred the title of 「Immortal Miao Ying」 to Sun Simiao after Sun』s death. Mythical doctor Hua Tuo in the north, Sage doctor Zhang Zhongjing in the south. It is said they could redeem the dead and cure all sorts of serious diseases.

救苦殿

原名「宗師殿」，現為「救苦殿」。奉祀太乙救苦天尊。他是九幽地府的至高尊神，騎九頭獅子，左手執甘露杯，右手執寶劍。

Temple of God Relieving Sufferers

Was originally named 「Temple of Great Master」 and is now called 「Temple of God Relieving Sufferers」. Makes offerings to God Taiyi Relieving Sufferers. He is the highest god in the nine-layer nether world, who rides a lion with nine heads and holds a sweet-dew bottle and a double-edged sword in his left and right hands respectively.

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邱祖殿

始建於元代，曾名「衍慶殿」、「貞寂堂」。明代改為專祀邱長春真人的殿堂，故名「邱祖殿」。殿內供奉邱祖塑像，兩側有「邱祖西行」懸塑。殿內「癭缽」為乾隆皇帝御賜之物。相傳「癭缽」下埋藏有邱祖遺蛻。

Temple of Founder Qiu

Was initially built in the Yuan Dynasty. Was successively named 「Yanqing Temple」 and 「Zhenji Temple」, Ming Dynasty was changed into a temple exclusively offering sacrifice to Immortal Qiu Changchun and thus was named 「Temple of Founder Qiu」. In the temple, offerings are made to the statue of Founder Qiu, with hanging sculptures titled 「Founder Qiu』s Visit to the West」 on both sides of the statue 「Ying Bowl」 in the temple was conferred by Emperor Qianlong. It is said that remains of Founder Qiu were concealed under the 「Ying Bowl」.

四御殿

建於明宣宗宣德三年（1428年），奉祀天界四位大帝。正中為昊天金闕玉皇上帝牌位；左為南極長生大帝、勾陳上宮天皇大帝；左為萬星教主中天紫微北極大帝、承天效法後土皇地祗。四御神像為清代泥塑。

Temple of four Emperors

Was built in the third Xuande Year(1428) under the regime of Emperor Xuanzong in the Ming Dynasty. Makes offerings to the four Emperors in the heaven, namely Haotian Jinque Jade Emperor in the middle, South-pole Immortal Emperor and Gouchen shanggong Tianhuang Emperor on the left, and celestial Lord Zhongtian Ziwei North-pole Emperor and God Chengtian Xiaofa Houtu Huangdiqi on the right. The statues of the four emperors are clay sculptures made in the Qing Dynasty.

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三清閣

始建於明宣宗宣德三年（1428年），殿內奉祀道教最高尊神，正中為玉清元始天尊；左為上清靈寶天尊；右為太清道德天尊。道教謂三清是「道」的化身。三清像為明代乾漆夾麻造像。

San Qing Temple

Was initially built in the third Xuande Year(1428) under the regime of Emperor Xuanzong in the Ming Dynasty. Makes offerings to the highest gods in Taoism, namely God Yuqing Yuanshi in the middle, God Shangqing Lingbao on the left and God Taiqing Daode on the right. In Taoism, the three gods are regarded as the embodiments of Tao. The statues of the three gods were made of dry paint interwoven with ramie in the Ming Dynasty.

三星殿

殿內奉祀「福、祿、壽」三星君神像。中座為「福星」，西側為「祿星」，東側為「壽星」。「福、祿、壽」三星在民間最受百姓喜愛，為人們祈求幸福、利祿和健康的象徵。

Temple of Three Stars

The temple offers sacrifice to statues of three star gods, namely 「God of Luck」 in the middle, 「God of Official Rank」 on the west, and 「God of Long Life」 on the east. The three gods are the most favorite gods for the general public, who symbolize good luck, high official rank and health that people pray for.

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慈航殿

殿內奉祀「觀音大士」。觀音本稱「觀世音」，為避唐太宗李世民諱，遂稱觀音。宋徽宗宣和元年（1119年）封號為「慈航普渡圓通自在天尊」。

Ci Hang Temple

The temple offers sacrifice to 「Kwan-yin」. Kwan-yin was originally called 「Kwan-shi-yin」, which was later abbrivated as 「Kwan-yin」 in order to avoid offending the name of Emperor Taizong in the Tang Dynasty,i.e. 「Li shimin」. In the first Xuanhe Year(1119) under the regime of Emperor Huizong in the Song Dynasty, Kwan-yin was conferred the title of 「Goddess Cihang Pu Yuantong Zizai」.

真武殿

殿內奉祀「真武大帝」神像，銅像為明代鑄造。真武又稱玄武，本為中國傳統所稱「四象」之一的北方「玄武星宿」，為避唐玄宗之諱改稱「真武」。真武號「玄天上帝，盪魔天尊」。又稱「佑聖真武，治世福神」。能普為眾生消除災障。

Zhenwu Temple

The temple offers sacrifice to the statue of 「Emperor Zhenwu」. The bronze statue was founded in the Ming Dynasty. Zhenwu was also called 「Xuanwu」, which is the north 「Xuanwu Star」, one of the 「four stars」 in Chinese tradition, and the name was changed to 「Zhenwu」 in order to avoid offending the name of Emperor Xuanzong. Another name of Zhebwu is 「Xuantian God and God wiping out Evils」, who is also named as 「God of Blessing and True Mighty, God of Luck who administers the world」. He can eliminate disasters for all living creatures.

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雷祖殿

建於明英宗正統三年（1438年），殿內銅像皆明代鑄造。

雷祖，道教稱：九天應元雷聲普化天尊。總司五雷，運行三界，群生父，萬靈師。主天之災福，持物之權衡，掌物掌人，司生司殺。

Temple of God of Thunder

Was built in the third Zhengtong Year(1438) under the regime of Emperor Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty. All bronze statues in the temple were founded in the Ming Dynasty. The four portraits of heaven generals under the god of thunder hanging in the temple were also proced in the Ming Dynasty. God of Thunder is called 「Jiutian Yingyuan Leisheng Puhua God」 in Taoism, who fully takes charge of five types of thunders and patrols the three worlds(the heaven, the earth and the nether world), and is the father of all living creatures and the master of all gods. He decides natural disasters and blessings, and controls balance in the physical world, all objects and people, and life and death of people.

元辰殿

始建於金章宗明昌元年（1190年），供奉金章宗之母本命神丁卯太歲，原名「丁卯瑞聖殿」。現名甲子殿，殿內奉祀六十位星宿神。每位神名，皆系用天乾和地支循環相配而得。甲居天干之首，子居地支之首，干支相配，由甲子起，至癸亥止，滿六十為一周，故名六十甲子。

Yuan Chen Temple

Was initially built in the first Mingchang Year(1190) under the regime of Emperor Zhangzong in the Jin Dynasty, making offerings to Star Goddess Benming Dingmao, the mother of Emperor Zhangzong, Was originally named 「Dingmao Ruisheng Temple」. now name 「Jiazi Temple」, offers sacrifice to sixty star gods, with the name of each originating from circulating combination between the ten Heavenly Stems and the twelve Earthly Branches. Jia is the first Heavenly Stem and Zi is the initial Earthly Branch, with all Heavenly Stems respectively combined with various Earthly Branches, and with Guihai as the final combination. Every sixty years finishes a cycle, and that is why 「jiazi」 stands for sixty years.

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元君殿

建於清高宗乾隆二十一年（1756年），原名「子孫堂」，亦稱「娘娘殿」。中座為天仙聖母碧霞元君；右座為眼光娘娘；左座為送子娘娘。

Yuanjun Temple

Was built in the twenty-first year under the regime of Qianlong, i. e. Emperor Gaozong in the Qing Dynasty(1756). Was originally named 「Temple of Offspring」 or 「Temple of Mother」. The statue in the middle is Immortal Godness Bixia Yuanjun, the one on the right is Goddess Yanguang, and the one on the left is Goddess Songzi who brings children to people.

文昌殿

原名「北五祖殿」，殿內奉祀文昌梓潼帝君，為主宰人間功名、祿位之神，介時多為讀書人所崇祀。元仁宗延佑三年（1316年）加封為「輔文開化文昌司祿宏仁帝君」，簡稱「文昌帝君」，兩旁奉祀孔子、朱熹。殿中神像為明代萬曆年鑄造。

Wen Chang Temple

Was originally named 「Temple of Five North Ancestors」, making offerings to Emperor Wenchang Zitong was later conferred the title of 「Emperor Fuwen Kaihua Wenchang Silu Hongren」 (「Emperor Wen Chang」 short) in the third Yanyou Year under the regime of Emperor Ren in the statues of Kong Zi and Zhu Xi respectively on the sides of that of Emperor Wen Chang. Statues in the temple were founded in the first Wanli Year in the Ming Dynasty.

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八仙殿

建於清嘉慶十三年（1808年），殿內奉祀道教八仙，即：鍾離權、呂洞賓、張果老、曹國舅、李鐵拐、韓湘子、藍采和、何仙姑。

Temple of the Eight Immortals

Was built in the thirteenth Jiaqing Year(1808) in the Qing Dynasty. Mades offerings to the eight Taoist Immortals, namely Zhong Liquan, Lü Dongbin, Zhang Guolao, Cao Guojiu, Li Tieguai, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu.

呂祖殿

始建於清德宗光緒十三年（1887年），殿內奉祀道教北五祖之一的呂純陽祖師。呂祖名岩，字洞賓，號純陽子，為山西芮城縣永樂鎮人，唐文宗時進士，後游終南山遇鍾離權度化成仙。神像為明代木雕。
Temple of Founder lü

Was initially built in the thirteenth Guangxu Year under the regime of Emperor Dezong in the Qing Dynasty(1887),making offerings to Lü Chunyang, one of the original first name of 「Yan」, another name of 「Dongbing」 and the alias of 「Chunyang Zi」, who was born in Yongle Town, Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province and became a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations held under the regime of Emperor Wenzong in the Tang Dynasty, and later met Zhong Liquan when visiting Nanshan Mountain and became an immortal with the help of Zhong Liquan. The statue in the temple is made of wood and was carved in the Ming Dynasty.
戒台

始建於清光緒十六年（1890年），為白雲觀第二十代方丈高仁侗道長籌資興建。1923年，第二十一代方丈陳毓坤道長於此傳戒。1989年第二十二代方丈王理仙道長亦傳戒於此。
Ordination Stage

The stage was built in the 16th Guang Xu year ring the Qing Dynasty (1890). The resources of building were pooled by the 20th Generation of Abbot in The White Cloud Temple Gao Tongren.1923, the 21st Generation of Abbot Chen YUkun performed the rite of ordination on this stage. 1989, the 22nd Generation of Abbot Wang Lixian performed the rite of ordination here too.
羅公塔

塔內安放道教隱士羅公遺蛻。公羅是江西人，有道術，清康熙年間來京，隱居京城多年。清初，政府有「留頭不留發」之令，百姓多因抗旨被殺，羅公以道術救助京城百姓。雍正五年（1727年）於白雲觀羽化，雍正皇帝感其神異，賜封「恬淡守一真人」之號，並敕建塔陵以祀之。
Master Luo Pagoda

This pagoda keeps the remains of Master Luo. Master Luo was born in Jiangxi province who had Sacred Power and lived in the capital of country as a hermit for many years. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there were lots of people been killed for fought against the royal command (whoever must be killed if he kept the traditional hair), Lou operated his Sacred Power to save the dying people. After Master Luo went to heaven as a immortal(1727), the Emperor Yong Zheng ordered to build the pagoda as respecting and bestowed upon him the tile, 「Tiandan Shouyi Ture Saint」.

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