英美教育的區別英文
A. 英美教育對比有什麼不同
在英國可以邊留學邊工作,補貼很大一部分開銷。美國的留學簽證不允許工作(除非是在校內),但英國的卻可以。英國留學簽證允許學生在學期內每周工作20個小時,假期每周工作40個小時。英國的大學課程所需學時卻大大短於美國等國家。這就意味著你花費更短的時間就可以完成相同的學業。英國的本科教育為3年,而美國為4年;英國的研究生教育只需1年,而美國需要2年。由於學年少,算下來攻讀相同的學位,在英國留學花錢算是少的!
B. 英美教育制度的比較
英國教育體制簡介
英國對所有五至十六歲的兒童實行強制性義務教育。就課程和學歷資格而言,英國存在兩種不同的體制,一種是英格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭教育體制,另一種是蘇格蘭教育體制。
私立學校和公立學校
在私立學校體系,家長一般都要付學費;在公立學校體系,教育是免費的。公立學校通常不接收年齡十六歲以下的外國學生。
學齡前教育
私立學校和公立學校都提供學齡前教育。很多兒童在三歲或四歲時開始在幼兒園或小學的幼兒班接受教育。
預備教育
私立學校為五歲至十三歲兒童提供預備教育(或小學教育)。很多外國學生通常在七歲時以寄宿學生的形式入學。在十一歲或十三歲的時候升入私立中學學習。
小學教育
這是公立教育體系的一部分,為絕大多數英國兒童提供教育。兒童五歲時上小學,一般在十一歲時升入中學或學院。
中學教育
英國所有中學為學生提供教育直至他們年滿十六歲,學校幫助學生准備普通中等教育證書考試或者同等水平課程考試。相當數量的外國學生在十一歲或十三歲時來英國上中學,其中很多人上私立寄宿中學。
十六歲以後教育
中學生在十六歲完成強制性義務教育以後,就可以合法地離開學校,開始工作。不過,大多數學生會以預科學生的身份進入預科學院或者延續教育學院,在那裡學習中學高級水平考試課程或者同等水平課程。外國學生一般在這個階段來英國接受教育,如學習中學高級水平考試課程,為在英國學習延續課程或上大學做准備。
十八歲以後教育
預科生一般在十八歲時完成中學教育。然後,大部分學生繼續攻讀延續教育課程或攻讀高等教育課程。
延續教育(FE)
(包括職業課程和部分本科課程)
延續教育是指為年齡十六歲的中學畢業生繼續提供的教育和培訓。英國有六百多所公立和私立學院開設延續教育課程。這些學院開設的課程種類廣泛,包括英語語言課程、某些普通中等教育證書課程、中學高級水平考試課程及其同等水平課程、職業課程、銜接課程以及部分本科生課程。
高等教育(HE)
(包括本科課程、研究生課程和MBA)
高等教育是指大學、學院及其他院校提供的本科以上課程教育和培訓。英國有九十多所大學和五十多所高等教育學院。它們開設了多種多樣的課程,大多數課程學習結束時可以獲得學位或同等學歷,研究生學歷或工商管理碩士學位。
美國教育體制
[日期:2006-02-09] 來源: 作者: [字體:大 中 小]
美國的教育是先有教會和私立學校後有公立學校, 故傳統的教育體制是地方分權制和公私並舉制
美國立國時的憲法規定,聯邦政府無權干涉各州的教育.1865年南北內戰結束後美國開始感到設立中央教育領導機構的必要性。
1868年才在內政部中設教育總署, 也只是管理很少的聯邦教育經費, 為各州的學校提供幫助和咨詢,直到1979年才正式建立了聯邦教育部. 各州的教育委員會和下屬的地方學區委員會, 與基層學區委員會仍然分別掌握各地的教育大政,發展計劃, 經費分撥等實權. 但聯邦政府由於教育經費的不斷增加和1958年以來幾部教育大法(如<國防教育法中小學教育法天才教育法;成人教育法;等)的頒布實施,使中央政府的教育政策逐步滲透到州和地方, 對全國施加有力的影響.
教育既以全民為對象,並涉及到每個家庭和個人的未來,故教育既是國家的大事, 又是各州和地方政府及社會團體的大事,大家都把人力, 物力, 財力, 精力投到教育上,使形成教育多軌制,調動起多方面辦教育的積極性, 運用市場經濟的規律辦" 三全"(全民,全面,全程)教育, 這是美國教育體制的最大特色. 這比單純靠政府出資(單軌制)辦學, 按計劃經濟規律去辦教育有更高的效率和良好的效果.美國眾多的社會團體(宗教, 工會,企業)和教育團體( 教育基金會, 協會, 研究會)對推動美國的教育改革起了巨大的作用,如天主教, 卡內基,福特,洛克菲勒等基金會,以其雄厚的資金和強大的輿論來推動教育的各項實驗,教改, 科研及設立新專業,傳播先進經驗, 提出教育宗旨與政策建議等,其影響力和潛能往往超過政府部門.
美國教育的多元文化主義是美國教育的國策,多元文化教育是使多民族移民融入美國主體文化的最大途徑. " 歸化主義" 是用占統治地位的文化去壓迫,消滅或混合別的文化.而" 多元文化主義" 則是把一國中的多種民族文化接受為特色的, 獨立的成份, 在平等的基礎上認同與互補.
美國文化教育的高水平也決定了美國在世界科技方面的領先地位。在美國人看來,人人都有接受教育的權利。美國的法律規定兒童6-16歲必須入學。美國的公立學校由政府稅收支持,學生免費入學;私立學校多由教會支持。美國的學校按年齡階段分為以下四類:
1.初級學校:1-6年級(6-12歲)
2.初級中學:7-8年級(13-14歲)
3.中學:9-12年級(15-18歲)
4.大學(學院):一般為4年制(18歲以上),另有「研究院」或「專業學院」,為大學畢業學生從事研究而設立。
美國大學目前實行准學士、學士、碩士、博士學位制,分別代表本科和研究生兩大類教育4級不同的學術水平。由於准學士學位只是讀完2年初級或社區學院的資格證明,不是攻讀學士學位的必經階段,因此美國的學位制基本上還是3級水平結構。按學位性質,一般分為學術(研究)學位和專業(專科)學位兩種。此外美國大學還頒授榮譽學位,此種學位並不反映學術成就,而是對予社會有傑出貢獻者的承認。
美國的大學習慣上分為以下三類:
兩年制學院,又稱初級或技術學院,大部分為公立,多半為地方社區所舉辦,故一般稱為社區學院。社區學院提供的課程有兩類:一類為過渡性文理課程,相當於4年制大學的頭兩年,學生習畢可轉入4年制大學繼續深造;另一類為終止性職業技術課程,畢業生直接就業。社區學院頒授的學位是准學士學位。社區學院入學條件簡單,不限年齡,亦無須通過入學考試;學習時間靈活,有全日、半日、周末、夜間課程的多種選擇,還有寒暑假開設的假期班;修業年限較短,收費低廉,而且針對本地區需要開設課程,便於就業,因此日益受到社會各界的青睞。
四年制學院,大體有兩類:一類是文理學院或文科學院。基本課程包括人文學(語言、文學、哲學、藝術、音樂、文化史等)、社會及行為科學(歷史、地理、經濟、政治、社會學、人類學、心理學等)和自然科學(數學、物理、化學、生物學、地質學等)三大領域。另一類是獨立的專科學院,如機械學院、建築學院、工程學院、音樂學院、師范學院等,主要提供專科職業教育。上述兩類學院學制一般為4年。文理學院和文科學院向畢業生頒授的最普遍的學位是文學士和理學士,專科學院則授予專業學位。
綜合性大學,綜合性大學規模龐大、組織復雜、師資充實、設施完備,一般設有以文理學院為核心的若干學院,可修學位的課程除通常的文理課程外,還有工程與技術、商科、國際問題、衛生、教育、農業、家政、建築、傳播、新聞、圖書館學、旅館管理等。大部分綜合性大學注重研究工作,不僅擁有設備先進、實力雄厚的研究機構,也設有以向高校和社會輸送教學和研究人才為雙重使命的研究生院,因此這些大學又被稱為研究性大學。此外,許多綜合性大學還設有若干高級專業學院,如法學院、醫學院、牙醫學院、管理學院等。進入這些專業學院學習,往往需要有4年制大學的本科學歷,學制通常為3-4年,時間長費用高。綜合性大學頒授學士、碩士和博士3種學位。
自己整理下
C. 英美教育和中國的差異英文版!!
Differences between Chinese and Western Ecation
Most Chinese parents like to ask, 「How old should be the best age for children to study overseas?」 「Is the foundational ecation as good as China in other countries?」 As the matter of fact, the argument about advantages and disadvantages between Chinese Ecation and Western Ecation is keeping on all the time. This question is also one major concern among those students who are considering going abroad. In order to find out the most suitable way for each indivial, we shall gather more information and compare both matters in China and foreign countries.
The basic issue of ecation is what kind of people we want to cultivate to be, and how to cultivate them. The concept of value, purpose of ecation and method of ecation between Chinese Ecation System and Western Ecation System are differentiated in many academic fields. Let』s have a look at this with 2 cases:
Darin Yokel is an art teacher from one primary school in Cincinnati, America; she is also a current student of Miami University. To be as one of the exchange teacher with Chinese, she came to Kunming, Yunan to have an academic interchange. Her objective is split into 3 parts, teaching Chinese students, communicating with Chinese teachers and independent training.
In Kunming, Darin found out that the painting skills of Chinese students are very good. One day, she gave out one topic which is called 「happy festival」 to her students, but all the students were drawing the same Christmas tree. At first she thought that Chinese students are friendly so when they met a western teacher, they drew the Christmas tree for her. But later she found that every Christmas tree those children drown are with the same batten. She looked closer, discovered that all the students were looking toward the same direction where one of the classroom wall. Then she realized that there was one Christmas tree painting on the wall which prepared by the school as the purpose of creating a suitable painting atmosphere for students.
Darin covered the painting on the wall and asked the students to create their own picture, to her surprise; she was so disappointed that once she covered the wall painting, the students could not draw a 「happy festival」. Some students were scratching the head, some biting the pencil, some staring at each other, but no one knew how to start their work. With the intention of solving the embarrassment, Darin has to open the cover of wall painting.
There is another case far in America: one professor mentioned in his article that his son did research when he was in primary school form two. One day he came back from school and asked father to go to library, he said he is doing one research on whales so need to go and find information. The professor took his son to two libraries and borrowed more than ten books about whale. The little boy had finished his first research in his whole life on the topic of whale. It contained 3 pages and one cover with a picture of whale and sea. There were 4 tittles inside the report: introction, what do whales eat, how whales eat and the features of whales.
The professor said that this is the shortest and simplest research he has ever seen in his life; however this is the most interesting research he has ever read as well. The main concern here is not how much knowledge of whale the boy has learnt, but the process of doing the research. He concentrated so hard to gather information, read articles, identify points, write essay and so on. He was doing indivially and independently all through the procere. He totally used his brain to carry out every step, thus he has achieved much more knowledge and skills beside only whales.
And this kind of research practice is continuous improving, when he was in Form Two, his research is only collecting other people』s information. But when he reached Form Five, his research is moving into a further level of giving out his own ideas. Although his research is still in insufficient order or not so valid, his consciousness of creation is forming and improving.
The Darin』s case is really shocking, it illustrates two crucial points of Chinese Ecation System, one is emphasize too much on teaching but neglect the importance of capability, the other one is building up strong foundation but lack of high ecation. We Chinese think that students with sturdy foundation can receive further knowledge better. So most Chinese parents think that the primary ecation in China is more stable than those western countries, and western high ecation is more mature than China. If students can have the combine of two ecation system, students could become comprehensive. That is why more and more Chinese parents intend to send their children to foreign universities.
The second case shows that Western Ecation System encourages children to do research on their own. They believe that doing research can help children to analysis problems and solve difficulties by themselves. At mean while, students can practice what they have learnt in real work through the process of research. It is more effective than what we have been practiced in China, that students are studying for exams only while in primary ecation period. We are implementing 2 separate stages, learning basic knowledge in junior level and doing research in senior level.
What are the significant characteristics of both Chinese Ecation System and Western Ecation System? Let』s have a compare and discuss as follows:
Firstly, there are two basic concepts of ecation value, teaching and guiding. Teaching concept is commonly used in Chinese Ecation System which is base on textbook contents. Students learn knowledge through classes that are concted by teachers inside the classroom. Besides it is being used in Chinese family ecation; students perceive knowledge by listening to what the parents have told them and textbooks which parents ask them to read. This concept is well effected in raising so called 「good student」 who always abbeys rules and regulations, inheriting traditions and general habits. It resulted that Chinese primary ecation is with no doubt strongly-built, especially ring primary school and middle school period. That is also the reason why Chinese students can win scores of prize in Olympic competitions every year.
Guiding is the main concept of ecation wildly used in western countries. It emphasizes the rights and respects of children, which is base on a trust motion. Schools provide students with fulfilled self-management, support them to control themselves. At home, parents see children as one equal member of the family; they have identical ty and responsibility for the family. Western children have more freedom and private without much instruction; they are more persuaded by enlightening and leading. Westerners intend to offer children opportunities to develop themselves, discovering their potential specialties and abilities. They encourage children to study with interest under pleasure, doing what they want to do and trying the best they can. Thus western children are more responsible and confident; they have a higher grade of self-esteems because of the process of self-learning.
On the other hand, self-management does not only depend on students themselves, they do need guidelines from parents and teachers. Guardians should help students to build up sufficiency and strength, also observe their grown to correct any mistakes and weakness. Chinese Ecation System is good at demonstrating and building moral students always following traditional rules and regulations. But western children show more aggressiveness in personal development, they become the master of their own destiny. They are more ingenious and creative, therefore, the most percentage of Nobel Prize are achieved by western people. It is said that open self-learning system hast he advantage of cultivating top creators.
Secondly, the primary ecation in China is unilaterally seeking for the rate of upgrading since 10 years ago, meaning that they have comparison on the frank of students entering a higher level ecation. They rank students into 3 grads with their results, and divide schools into 3 categories. Schools recruit students within the same level of grades, so only those high scored students have the opportunity to enter famous school. As a result of this, some of the students who have lower scores may not have a fair chance to develop. Thus causes huge stress burden on both schools』 and students』 shoulders. Schools care about their reputation, certainly more pressure is given to the students. Students care about are afraid of discipline or elimination, with no choice, they have to tolerate the pressure. However, those high ecation properties such as colleges and universities still have a low percentage of students among all the citizens in China.
In an opposite situation, there are a high percentage of high-ecationed citizens. There are less entry battles in colleges and universities so that every student may have a chance to enter high ecation properties. They mainly emphasize the personal development skills of students and set creativeness as a major purpose of ecation. In their opinion, personal development is according to personal need and demand. Every one has their own character and ambition, ecate children toward their interest and specialty is helpful to discover their potential capacity and talent. It is not only for the need of personal development, but also good for social development.
Furthermore, parents always tell us that we should have the good manner of studying hard towards goals as a Chinese tradition. Most parents start teaching children simple calculating and writing when they are 3 or 4 years old. Almost every Chinese have the memory of being forced to Chinese ancient poems in their childhood. However, in the 21st century today, only reciting poems and textbooks, expecting high scores in exam, studying without other activities are evidently limited for the multi-changed diversity world. It is even harm for teenagers if dominate their life by studying only, because the ability of innovation is eradicated.
In western countries, people more look into children』s perceive abilities. In primary school, teachers conct classes in discussion and games. Students have little homework but more handwork, they are studying under pleasure. All the subjects in middle school practice the point system, exams are only a small part of course mole. Western students just have to keep sufficient attendance and points, they can graate easily. They have the opportunity to manage their leisure time, develop their interests. We could obviously find out that western people are normally more positive and easy going. They have various knowledge about life and nature which is out of textbooks, also they have better communication skills to getting along with different people.
Some people think that Chinese primary ecation is perfect; the only problem of Chinese Ecation System is in high level edification, so to improve our system just need to enhance higher level. It is actually an incomplete statement because human』s creativeness is nurtured since young. This nurturing must be continuous and mortified all the time. We should connect primary and high ecation levels with creativeness in sequence so as to cultivate our Chinese Nobel Prize Winners.
Bach to the previous question, most of Chinese parents think that high ecation in western countries are much developed than China, in contrast, China has a firm foundation ecation system. The combination of both systems can braise excellent talents; therefore they keep children studying in China until middle school and send them abroad for colleges and universities. On the other hand, if we give solid foundation to children in China, at the same time, we put their creativeness as one of the targets in a purpose. As a result of that, there is going to be more talented man when they are polished up overseas.
To sum up, Chinese Ecation System and Western Ecation System have their own advantages and disadvantages. Chinese emphasizes foundational knowledge whereas Western thinks highly of creativeness. If we could join two systems together, there is going be more Chinese performers on the 21st century stage.
D. 英美教育對比,有什麼不同
英國的教育歷史悠久,與美國教育相比更加的正統,適合學術研究。所以英國的大學相較於美國的大學更注重傳統,英國學校的成立時間都很悠久,這些學校的傳統和理念一代代傳下來,傳承到學生身上。美國學生一般有更多的自由,來支配自己的時間,有更多的業餘生活可以培養創造力。還有一點就是,英國相較於美國來說,留學費用更低,研究生學業時間更短。
E. 英美教育體系的異同
找到一些,希望你能用得上。
內容摘要:特殊教育是人類教育事業的一個重要組成部分,與人類社會的發展、文化的繁榮、經濟的昌盛緊密相連,而特殊教育事業的發展也是凸現人類社會文明進步的一個重要標志,也是體現人道理念的體現。本文通過對英美兩國全納教育研究成果的比較,從理論到應用兩個方面來來比較其異同,並從英美國家全納教育的發展來看對我國的特殊教育事業起借鑒作用。
關鍵詞:特殊需要 全納教育
一、關於全納教育理論的出探:
隨著人類對特殊教育事業的關注,特殊教育在今天取得了巨大的成果,而全納教育就是在這個新時代的召喚下出現的一種教育思潮。它是在教育一體化運動與回歸主流化運動的背景下人們提倡的一種新的教育理念。
但是,到目前為止,人們對全納教育的界定有著不同的見解。英國學者布思認為:「全納教育就是要加強學生參與的過程,主張學生參與就近地區的文化、課程、社區活動,並減少學生排斥的過程。」而澳大利亞學者貝利認為:「全納指的是殘疾學生和其他學生一起在普通學校中,在同樣的時間和同樣的班級內學習同樣的課程,使所有的學生融合在一起,讓他們感覺自己與其他學生沒有差異。」因此,對於全納教育,仁者見仁、智者見智,但全納教育的目的是構建一個全納的社會,在這個全納的社會集體中,人人參與,大家合作,每個人都是集體的一員,人人都受歡迎。
二、 關於英美全納教育異同的探析:
在國際教育一體化運動與回歸主流運動的理念下,各國都大力關注特殊教育的發展,讓所有有特殊需要的兒童走進主流教室、回到普通學校接受普通教育,讓特殊教育從隔離走向融合。在次背景下,全納教育走上了歷史的舞台,而在次領域,英美兩國對全納教育的研究與應用都取得了一定的成果。
1、從英美兩國全納教育研究的相同方面來看,英美兩國在全納教育的研究方面都起步早,都注重從有特殊需要兒童身心發展的全方位來考慮,並能在特殊教育的實施中把理論與實踐緊密相結合。
首先,英美兩國都注重全納教育與人權的相關研究。他們認為,受教育是每一個公民無論是普通的兒童還是特殊需要的兒童都應接受一定的教育,而不應排斥在教育之外或隔離起來,任何人都有受教育的權利。而英美兩國在全納教育的研究中都結合本國的國情、結合本國的政治體制,將全納教育看作主要是人權問題。他們認為,因為殘疾或學習困難而受到教育隔離就像因為種族和性別收到隔離一樣,是違反人權的。同時,在全難教育的研究中,兩國都考慮全納教育與父母權利的關系,並能從法律的形式來保障。
其次,英美兩國對全納教育的研究都注意與法律相結合。一個國家的教育政策與法規在很大程度上影響教育的發展水平與民眾的生活質量。英美兩國政府以促進全納教育作為本國教育發展的原則與目標之一,通過制定一系列教育法規與政策,積極促進全納教育的發展,通過確立全納教育框架,對全納教育的發展進行指導與規范,並予以法律與制度上保障。英國從1976年教育法到1981年教育法再到1993年教育法,建立了一個系統的法律法規工程,對特殊教育確立了工作系統,有助於對學生接受特殊教育服務進行評估,促進了特殊教育的發展。美國自1975年以來的近30年中,政府有關特殊教育的立法就有十項之多,其中,從《所有殘疾兒童教育法》《美國殘疾人法》和《殘疾個體教育法》這三個重要法令中,我們可以清晰地透視美國發展全納教育的立法保障。因此,我們可以看出英美兩國在全納教育的研究與應用中都注重法律的保障。
此外,英美兩國全納教育都注重對有特殊需要兒童的課程設置、特殊學校教育經費的投入以及特殊學校教師的培訓,從全方位的角度對特殊教育的發展服務。在課程的設置上,能根據特殊需要學生的不同需要制定不同的課程目標與教學目標,做到「因殘施教」與「因材施教」的緊密結合,在教學中,採用多樣化的教學方法,並能根據不同學生的不同需要,制定個別化教育方案,在普教與特教的融合中,注重兒童的心理訓練;注重兒童的心理健康與人格的完善;注重對老師技能與知識的培訓,反對對學生貼上標簽,並能把全納教育的研究成果應用於教學而很好的為學生服務。
2、從英美兩國全納教育的不同方面來看,由於英美兩國的國情、文化的不同,在全納教育的研究與應用中也存在著不同。
首先,英國在全納教育的研究中,從教育一體化到全納教育的發展,可以說,英國的全納教育是在專業人員的發起下,在政府部門的大力支持下,在學校教師、家長社會成員的參與下,全面開展起來,重視理論與實踐研究,而且在全納教育的研究與實施過程中,進展較慢,而美國在全納教育的研究與應用中,顯然速度也較快,取得成果也較大。但美國全納教育是一個逐漸融合的過程,經過了回歸主流運動,一體化運動,第一代融合,第二代融合才全面形成全納教育的理論體系。同時,美國人特別注重人權的研究,因此在全納教育的研究與應用中,反對把任何一個有特殊需要的兒童排斥在教育之外,通過零拒絕、去機構化運動來實現特殊需要兒童的全部納入。此外,英國在全納教育研究中關於特殊兒童的評估與安置只注重對特殊兒童的鑒定,通過鑒定來安置在相應的教育機構,而美國在特殊需要兒童的評估、鑒定、安置的同時,注重無歧視性測量與增強學生的自信心,有利於特殊兒童的情感的發展。
其次,從特殊教育經費與特殊教育實施來看。英國對全納教育的發展投入了大量的教育經費,但它是一種資助性的,通過標准基金、校外活動基金來支助有特殊需要的兒童實現特殊教育的權利,在全納教育的過程中是一種有償教育。而美國在全納教育理論研究與實施中,採取了一種免費而適當的公共教育,他們認為殘疾兒童所接受的公共教育必須是免費的、義務性的。接受特殊教育的殘疾兒童應享有與正常兒童同等的待遇,教育經費由州、政府承擔,而州與政府的承擔比例也不同。但無論怎樣,都不應對殘疾兒童進行收費。
此外,英美兩國在全納教育的相關服務,實施的適當程度上也有所不同。英國的相關服務比較粗造,而是從宏觀上去研究與實施,而美國比較細微,能從微觀上注重服務,同時,英國在研究的進程中注重與國外的交流。
三、英美全納教育的研究對我國特殊教育的啟示:
我國是一個有著悠久歷史的文明古國,仁善慈孝是我們中華民族的優良傳統,而殘疾人是我們的兄弟姐妹,我們有義務與責任為他們服務。因此,我們可以從英美國家全納教育的研究中吸取有效的成果為我國特殊教育的發展起到借鑒作用。
首先,我們要在全納教育的研究與應用中,注重教育的全民化與權利化,認識到接受教育是每個人應享有的基本權利,而不應把有特殊需要的兒童排斥在教育之外或拒絕任何一個有特殊需要的兒童接受相應的教育。
在特殊教育的研究與應用中,注重從法律法規上給特殊教育予以法律的保障。使全納教育的研究、特殊教育的發展有法律可依,有法律法規的支持與保障。同時,應在特殊教育的實施中,結合本國國情和本國的教育水平,制定適合本國國情的特殊需要課程,注重對學生心理素質與技能的訓練。
此外,政府應加大對特殊教育事業教育經費的力度投入,給特殊需要的兒童給予適當的教育經費補助,並逐漸過渡到免費教育。同時,對特殊學校的教學實施與教學設備給予經費支持,形成一個良好的社會、政府支持保障系統,在全納教育的研究中,注重加強國與國之間的交流與合作。
四、結語:
特殊教育是一個國家文明的標志,是人類的一份重要的事業,也是充滿人性與人文的教育關懷。而在特殊教育這片燦爛的天地中,有待於人們更多的開發、研究。而現今的全納教育思潮就是一束美麗的花,它有利於特殊需要兒童的全面發展,有利於人類走向美好的明天。而實踐也證明了全納教育取得的豐碩成果,但在面對喜悅的同時,我們也要保持冷靜的頭腦,辨證的、全面的看待全納教育的走向與實踐應用,使特殊教育事業如同錦上添花更加光彩奪目。
F. 英美教育相同點的英文文章
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G. 英語國家概況美國教育和英國教育的區別
在 美國,16-18歲之前必須在學校就讀。現在許多州要求必須就讀到18歲。有些州只規定必須就讀到14歲。學生可以進入 公立學校, 私立學校或 家庭學校就讀。在多數公立和私立學校,教育分為3級水平: 小學、 初中和 高中。
在 聯合國的一個21個國家的教育索引中,美國得分為99.9,排名世界第一。7660萬學生在16個年級就讀。其中,在 義務教育階段,有520萬人(10.4%)在私立學校就讀。在該國成年人口中,有85%達到中學畢業,27%獲得 學士學位以上學位。根據2002年美國人口調查局統計,大學畢業年收入平均為45,400美元,超過平均水平10,000美元。該國15歲以上人口的 識字率為98%。
英國教育體系一般分為五個階段:
第一階段
3歲到5歲的幼兒園教育;
第二階段
5-11歲的小學教育;
第三階段
11歲-16歲的中學教育。5歲-16歲為法律規定的強制教育階段。適齡兒童必須入學,由國家負責必須的學費、書籍和必要的供應。
第四階段
16歲-18歲是中學高級班(或大學預備班),為中學至大學的過渡期;也稱繼續教育階段,主要是學術方向和職業方向學習。
完成預科的學生主要參加普通教育高級考試(general certificate of ecation,advanced level,簡稱GCE-A level),而職業技校的學生除了要參加GCE-A level考試外,還要參加普通國家職業資格考試(General National Vocational Qualification,簡稱GNVQ)
第五階段
大學教育。一般從18歲開始,讀本科需要3年-4年(醫科為5年),可取得學士學位。碩士通常為1年-2年,博士為3年-5年。
H. 英美教育對比,英國教育的優勢有哪些
各有優點吧,美國是一個開放性和包容性非常廣的國家,所以美國的教育相對而言也更活潑自由。但我覺得英國更好一些,雖然英國屬於傳統的歐洲國家,但在教育方面相對而言會更加的嚴謹、正統,英國的教育和文化氛圍相比較美國會濃厚不少,在教育階段英國的學生也會更專注於知識的接受和學習,學校會幫助學生樹立正確的學習方式及思想道德觀念,而美國的教育更為輕松、活潑,學校在學生三觀建設方面會比英國的教育要弱一些。